Brake



L. K. SNELL Nov. ,27, 1934.

BRAKE 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed 0G12. 19, 1929 9k? 5N rm.

Nov. 27, 1934. l.. K. s NELL 1,382,360

BRAKE Filed Oct. 19, 1929 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Ewell-(fon Nov. 27, 1934. K SNELL 1,982,360

BRAKE Filed oct. 19, 1929 5 sheets-.sheet s Patented Nov. 27, 1934 UNITE o STATES:

RAT ENT oFFICI-i BRAKE Lyle K.. Snell, Detroit, Mich., assignorfto Eaton Manufacturing Company, Cleveland, Ohio, av

corporationrof.` Ohio Application October 19, 1929, SerialNo. 400,776

14 Claims. (Cl.`18878) This inventionv relates tobrakes for vehicles.

and.;ther like; and more particularly to a brake of. thef multiple shoeV internal expanding type.

An-objectoithis invention is to provide a-brake ofthe multiple shoe type in whichtbraking force appliedtoonefpivoted shoe is transmitted to an adjacent pivotedv shoe.

Anothery object of this invention is to provide anrimproved form of brake of the multiple shoe mtype, inwhich frictional losses between moving parts-are reduced to a minimum.

Anotherv object of this invention is to provide a. multiple shoe brake in whichall of the shoesv Fig. 1` is al sectional elevationillustrating a multiple shoe brake` embodyingmy invention.

2f-2. of Figl.

Fig.. 3 is a section takenonlline 3-3 of..Fig..1. Fig. i` isadiagrammatic view illustrating the manner inwhich `braking force is applied to one.

.of vthe shoes by the actuating member.

`Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation illustrating anotherarrangement for the retracting springs employed with` the brake of` my invention.

Fig, 6 is a sectional viewV on an enlarged-scale y. showing another arrangement of parts for transmitting braking force'from one shoe to an adjacent shoe. y

Fig; '7k is a partial sectional view showing other means forv pressing a friction member against wthe drum.

Referring now tothe drawings for a detailed description vof my invention, I show a brake drum l0; `in'which the mechanism 4of my multiple shoe internal expanding brake is housed. This mecha- 451':- nism is supported upon a suitable backing plate or'anchor plate 11, which is rigidly supported adjacent the brake drum in any suitablemanner, and'includes a plurality of brake shoes 12, 13, brand`v 15. Each' of these shoes is provided with lacurvedouter surface 16, upon which is secured a suitable brake lining 17 adapted to frictionally engage the inner surface of the brake drum when braking'force is applied to theshoes. For opera/tivelyV securing or anchoring the shoes to the backing plate l1, I providethis platewithi'pivotv Fig. 2. is a. sectionalelevationtaken on line pinsxor anchor pins 18, 19 and 20, upon which the brake shoes are pivotally mounted. The brake shoe 12 is formed with an' arm 21 which is pivotally mounted upon the anchor pin 18 andretained thereon byany suitable means, such as akey 22 passing; through the anchor pin. This shoe 13 is formed with a forked arm 23 which" is pivotally mounted upon the anchor pin 19.v The shoelif is -forrned with an armV 24, which is-provided with' anopeningtherethrough, and is pivotally,V mounted upon the anchor pin 20 and re-` tained thereon by means of the key4v 25, which passes throughthe-anchor" pin. The shoe 15 isformed. with an armr26 which'passes through the opening of the arm 24, and is pivotally mounted uponthe anchcr'pin 19 between the armsofthe forked arm 23 o the shoe. 13. Thearms 23and 26may be retained -onthe anchor pin 19:.by` means of thefkey27 which passes through the an'chorpim Thelshoes` 12 and' 15. when assembled inplace have their free ends 28 and' 29, respectively., in`

opposedrelation. These ends 28 and 29 `areprovided!! with: extensions 30 and 31, respectively which serveras portionstobe engaged for applying braking for'cetofthe shoes.4 Theseextensions may be of f any` suitable form, and inthisinstan'certhey` aref providedv with hardened L-shaped bearing' portions 32, which are securedto the extensions by` meansof the rivets 33'. Obviously, these L- shaped bearing portions may be'omitted if desired.

For applying braking force to theshoesI provide an actuating member 34, which is arranged n between the extensions 3G"and 31, carried respectively, by the opposed endsof' the brake shoes 12k This actuating member is adapted to` and' 15. berrotatedvabout itsaxis and is provided vwith arms 35, which have their outer ends rounded to f I form cam portions 36, for engagement withthe bearing portions 32upon rotation `ofthe actuating member, to cause the opposedends ofthe shoes-12 and15'to be spread apart so that'th'ese shoes are? swung about their* respective anchor pins and the brake linings carried'by these shoes frictionally` engage the brake drum.

Thel actuatingy member 34 lis'secured to arotatable actuating shaft 37 which is journaled in a suitable bearingl 38;v In this instance the bearing 38 is secured `to the braking or anchor plate andi extends through this plate' into the fbrake drum. Thisbearing is preferably provided with.

ari-integral arm39, whichis `adapted tobe engagedby a suitable stop 40', securedtothe shaft* 3'7;l for limiting the rotation .ofv thisi shaft the' direction to release -the brake.

colui-A;

A part of the braking force which is applied to the shoe 12 by the actuating member is transmitted to the shoes 13 and 14 to cause these shoes to be swung` about their respective anchor pins 19 and 20, into frictional engagement with the brake drum. For the purpose of transmitting braking force from shoe 12 to shoe 13, I arrange these shoes so that a portion of the latter shoe overlaps the arm 21 of shoe 12. These overlapping portions are formed with bearing surfaces which are in opposed relation when the shoes are assembled, and which in this instance, are provided with hardened bearing members 41, between which is disposed a roller 42. These bearing members are preferably provided with end flanges 43 which engage the end faces 44 of the roller for the purpose of retaining it in proper position.

For the purpose of transmitting braking force from the shoe 13 to the shoe 14 these shoesv are, likewise, arranged so that a portion of the shoe 14 overlaps the arm 23 of the shoe 13. These overlapping portions are formed with surfaces in opposed relation which are also provided with bearing portions 4l having a roller 42 retained therebetween in the manner already described.

When braking force is applied to the shoe 12 by the actuating member 34 this shoe is swung outwardly about the anchor pin 18. The outward movement of the shoe transmits motion through the opposed bearing portions 41 and the roller 42 to the shoe 13, causing this shoe to be swung outwardly about its anchor pin 19. This outward movement of the shoe 13 transmits motion to the shoe 14 in a like manner, causing this shoe to be swung outwardly about its anchor pin 20. In other words, an application of braking force to the shoe 12 causes braking force to be transmitted from this shoe to the shoe 13, and, in turn, from the shoe 13 to the shoe 14. By providing the overlapping portions of the shoes with opposed bearing surfaces having rollers 42 therebetween, the braking force is transmitted from one shoe to the adjacent shoe with a minimum frictional loss.

With the vehicle traveling ahead the drum 10 rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow shown in Fig. 1, and when the actuating cam 34 presses the shoe 12 against the moving drum, there is a tendency for the drum to carry the shoe along with it. This tendency causes the shoe to be wedged or pressed more tightly against the drum by what is known in the art as a selfenergizing action. The outward movement of the shoe 12 against the drum, causes an increment of braking force to be transmitted to the shoe 13. Likewise a portion of the force which presses shoe 13 against the moving drum is due to the self-energization of this shoe, and the outward movement of this shoe causes an increment of braking force to be transmitted to the shoe 14.

For the purpose of reducing friction and wear between the actuating member and the bearing portions of the shoes 12 and 15, I select a zone of action for these cooperating parts where a minimum sliding motion will occur between the cam portions 36 and the bearing portions 32, that is to say, I arrange these parts so that rotation of the actuating member 34 causes the cam portions to engage the bearing portions 32 by a substantially rolling contact.

To achieve this substantial rolling contact between the cam portions and the bearing portions, I arrange the parts as diagrammatically shown in Fig. 4, that is, with the center 44 or axis of the actuating member 34, at the point of intersection of the chords or lines 45 and 46. The line 45, it will be seen, passes through the center of the anchor pin 18 and through the extension 30, adjacent the surface which is engaged by one of the cam portions 36. The line 46 passes through the center of anchor pin 19 and through the eX- tension 3l, adjacent the surface which is engaged by the other cam portion 36. 'For the purpose of simplifying the description I will refer only to the ,actuation of shoe 12, as illustrated diagrammatically in Fig. 4. When the actuating member 34 is rotated in a counter-clockwise direction about its axis 44, the cam portion 36 contacts with the bearing portion 32 and imparts movements to the shoe 12. This shoe swings about its anchor pin 18, with all points on the bearing portion 32 moving in a circumferential path about the center of the anchor pin 18, and during the rotation of the actuating member, the cam portion 36 moves in a circumferential path about the axis 44.

The cam portion 36 is constructed as an arc of a circle having a center at 47, and as the actuating memberl rotates about its axis, with the cam portion tangent to, or in contact with the bearing portion 32, the points of Contact between these parts will lie on an arc 48 having its center at 49. With this arrangement of parts the minimum sliding between cam portion and bearing portionis attained during the actuation of the brake when the adjustment and movement of the parts is such that the zone of contact between the cam portion and the bearing surface, represented by the arc 48, is approximately bisected by the line 56. Thus it will be apparent that the location for this Zone of action is selected where the minimum sliding action takes place, that is to say, extending approximately equal distances on both sides of the line 5D, which passes through center f 49, parallel with line 45, and is spaced from line 45 a distance approximately equal to the radius of the cam portion 36. In Fig. 4 the actuating member is shown in full lines in fully released position for a brake having new lining, and the dotted arc at the extreme left indicates the position to which the actuating member moves when the brake is fully applied and with the lining nearly worn out. I have illustrated at 51 the small amount of sliding action which takes place when the parts move between these extreme limits. Obviously then, during normal operation of the brake, the zone of action between the cam portion 36 and bearing portion 32, must lie between these extreme limits, and in fact, this zone is only a small proportion of the total zone of action and lies somewhere along arc 48, its exact location depending upon the condition of the brake lining.

In brakes of the type, which I have disclosed, it is desirable to have the shoes return automatically to the released position after an application of braking force, and for this purpose any suitable arrangement of springs may be used. Forexample, as shown in Fig. 1, a spring 50 may be connectedto the free end of shoe 15 and to the fixed pin 51 carried by the backing plate 11 for urging this shoe to the released position. Similarly, a spring 52 may be connected adjacent the free end of shoe 13 and to a pin 53 carried by the backing plate 11, and a spring 54 may be connected adjacent the free end of shoe 14 and to a pin 55 carried by plate 11, so that when no braking force is applied to the shoes by the actuating member, shoes 13, 14 and15 will be retracted by 1 seance i 12\tof bei 'moveds 1 to: releasedlfpositioni ialso.'- f- Obvii ously; if 'tliefvspringll 521-beiornittedi for any 1pur-- pose, or be-brokenfduring'usa thefshoes 131and12'- can still -b`e-r rreleased` because-f the i' movement of shoe 1li-itcA therreleased.positionunder theLv innu-A The brakei illustrated in 5`of the"drawings diifrs fromthe brake shown in Fig;I l onlyin molar-rangement of@ retracting springs this e brake a spring 5G is provided with its opposite endsv'connectedfto the shoes-57 and 58 adjacent their free ends; for' urging theseshoes Vtoward n released "position-u A' spring 59 is arranged with -v one-end thereof;conn'ected'to` thevshoeA 58l adjacent its1pivoted*`end,' and withl itsoppositeend connected to the shoe60adjacent itsfree end; Thisspringractsfto urge vthe shoe- 60-toward re leased lposition; Similarly, the `shoe: 6i is urged toward released position -b'ythe spring 62 which isarrangedJ with one yendthereof*connected tothe'shoe 601 adjacent'itspivoted end and' with its other "en'd' connected to theshoe V61 adjacent itsv free end.

Inaddition to; movingthe shoesv to released position" the springs'a'lso actto take up lostjmotion and toprevent 'rattlinglof the parts.

Ihavefound that inthe 'operation of a brakeof the type which' I have shown in Fig. l, the shoe 14 .which is most remote from the actuatinginem'l ber may not move into operative engagement with the Abrake drumsirnult'aneously. with' the next. preceding shoe 13`.vvhen theactuating member is i' movedcto apply=the.brak'e. Likewise -the shoe 13 may.. notsmovewinto operativev engagement with' therbrakel-drumlsimultaneously with the initialk shoe 12% This tendencyffor-the. shoesl'iv and l3` tolagbehind the shoe 12 -is caused by. deflection or ,1 ydistortion of these shoes by, theforces applied to the free ends -of these shoesf Inworder. that the more. remote shoes mayniove into -operativeengagement. with l the brake drum simultaneously with, or1 at any desired-rate in relationto the. 4 v-shoes adjacentthe actuatingI member., I` incline l onezorbothoff the opposed :bearing surfaces-.pror vided'on the overlapping` portionseof: the shoes-` sor aswto accelerate orAdeceleratertheamovement .of th'efmore remote'shoes as may be desirech In- Fig. 61 of thefdrawings; Ihavef'sliown the partsr which transmit brakingsforce from oneshoe'to an adjacent1 shoe,4 arranged,` and constructed so as-tocompensate `f or thedeflection iof :fthefmore remote shoes by causing the movement ofithese shoes to be accelerated.. In'4 this: arrangement the arm 63of'the pivotedshoe Seis-'overlapped-bythe' free end 6540i; another."y pivoted: shoe 1166 which isactuated fb'yf movementsofithe' shoe. 64. The arm 631' is formedf withzasurface '67 which `is iny opposed? relation -to s the surf ace*v iormed on thev shoe 66.1 A hardened: bearing gmember-69-` isnseated on the` surface. 67,.and asimilar hardened bearing member '70' Fis seated` 1 on.: the surface 166; A"roller71is arranged between?thefbearing1n1embers-for cooperation with their.: opposed" faces,

andL asfthusfar. described this arrangement is similar to the bearing means providedbetween the overlapping portions of shoes 12.and 13;

and between the overlapping portions of shoesf` 13 and 11kt,A show-ninFig. 1.

To accelerate and increase the movement of shoe 66 and thus compensate for the deflection of this shoe so that it will move into operative engagement with the drum substantially simultaneously with the preceding shoe 64, I form theifacef '73 of the-'bearingl member-69.` Thus,` in. the' arrangement illustrated in Fig. 16, the face` 7310i: bearing lmember 69 is perpendicular `to the radiall linel'ifwhich passes through the center of=."th'esdrun1,- while the face 72.;of the bearing 1nember.70`. isinclined. ffrom a. perpendicular..` .to

L Itis obviousfth`at i in producingU accelerationk orfdeceleration in the movement lof the moreremote shoes,A one'l ofi the opposed bearing i, faces. maybeinclin'ed; asushown .infFigr 6, or, if .de-

sired,.lboth.of these faces may be .inclinedV and.` arranged i in parallel-` relation.Y as shown `in Eig i 7.11 Inthe:.arrangement of'Fig.` 7 the opposed bearing-surfaces'72?"arid 73` ofthe friction membersi66 and 64 are substantially parallel v`to QOL eachwoth'erlandare both inclned'with. respect,A

to aradialline-M whichtpasses through the cernr ter ofthehdrum andthrou'gh the opposed sur-'- faces.v

While. themultiple shoe brakes which I haveA shown., employf'four shoes,.it.shou1dbe under.- stoodwthat this Anumber may be changedto suit various-conditions. i

It will lnow be clearly. understood that I haveprovided; a brake in which. braking force appliedUto-ione pivoted shoe istransmitted in an..

105. andllikewise, it\will.. be readily' understood vthat i efiicientLmannen to. anad'jacent pivoted shoe,

by my arrangementI have provided'a .brake in which thefrictionaliloss betweenthe moving memb'erLadjacent said drum, a plurality of shoes pivotallyz mounted. on .said supporting member,

each'of .said 4shoes being/adapted. and arranged for frictionalengagement with saiddrum, and i floating-.rollery meansv disposed intermediate 4.said shoes whereby brakingfforce applied to one of saidpivoted shoes` is transmitted to another. of said` pivoted. slices. i

2. A brake comprising a drum, a. supporting 1 member adjacent said `drurnyafplurality of shoes carriediiby said supporting member, each of said shoesb'eing adapted and arranged foririctional engagement withi saidy drum: and a roller interposed `between portions. of adjacentshoes whereby` brakingforce applied to 1 one of said shoes .isstransmittedto anadjacent'shoe.

3;.A'ibrake comprising a drum, a supporting member'adjacentisaididrum, a plurality of shoes pivotally mounted on saidsupporting `member. for engagement. with said` drum, and` means whereby braking force applied to oneY ofsaid shoes:is1transmitted toanother of said shoes, saidmeans comprising opposed bearing*` surfaces on adjacent shoes and roller means interposed between said bearing surfaces.

4. A brake comprising a drum, a supporting member adjacent said drum, a plurality of shoes carried by said member for engagement with said drum, said shoes being arranged'with av portion of one shoe overlapping a portion of an adjacent shoe, bearing surfaces on said overlapping portions, and roller means interposed between said bearing surfaces whereby braking force is transmitted to said overlapping shoe.

5. A brake comprising a drum, a supporting member adjacent said drum, a shoe pivoted on said member for engagement with said drum, means for applying braking force to said shoe, a second shoe pivoted on said member for engagement with said drum, said shoes being arranged with portions thereof overlapping, and means comprising a floating roller disposed between the overlapping portions of said shoes whereby braking force is transmitted through said overlapping portions to said second shoe.

6. A brake comprising a drum, a supporting member adjacent said drum, a shoe pivoted on said supporting member forengagement with said drum, a bearing surface on the free end of said shoe, an actuating member having a rounded portion adapted to engage said surface for actuating said shoe, said parts being arranged so that th-e zone of contact between said portion and said surface is approximately bisected by a line extending parallel with a chord passing substantially through the axis of said cam and the center of the pivot for said shoe, said line being spaced from said chord a distance approximately equal to the radius of said rounded portion, whereby the contact between said portion and said surface will be substantially a rolling contact.

7. A brake comprising a drum, a supportingl member adjacent said drum, a plurality of shoes pivotally mounted on said supporting member for engagement with said drum, and means for transmitting braking force from one of said shoes to another of said shoes, said means including opposed bearing surfaces on adjacent shoes, and friction reducing means interposed between said bearing surfaces, the plane of one of said bearing surfaces being inclined to the plane of the other of said bearing surfaces.

8. In a brake the combination of a rotatable drum, a shoe adapted to be moved into engagement with said drum, actuating means for applying force to said shoe, a second shoe adapted to be moved into engagement with said drum, and means for transmitting force to said second shoe including opposed bearing surfaces on said shoes, said bearing surfaces being arranged to cause the rate movement of said second shoe to be varied relative to the rate of movement of the first mentioned shoe. y

9. A brake comprising a drum, a supporting member adjacent said drum, a plurality of shoes pivotally mounted on said supporting member for engagement with said drum, and means for transmitting braking force from one of said shoes to another of said shoes, said means including opposed bearing surfaces on adjacent shoes, and friction reducing means interposed between said bearing surfaces, one of said bearing surfaces being disposed in inclined relation with respect to a radial line passing through the center of said drum.

10. In a brake, the combination of a drum, a plurality of shoes arranged in a series extending circumferentially of said drum, each of said shoes having a portion for frictional cooperation with said drum and an arm in oifset relation to the friction portion and extending substantially in the direction of said series, the shoes of said series being disposed with the friction portion of one shoe overlapping the offset arm of the next adjacent shoe, and a force transmitting roller disposed between the arm of one shoe and theV overlapping friction portion of the next adjacent shoe. f

l1. In a brake, the combination of a drum, a support adjacent said drum, a plurality of shoes arranged in a series extending circumferentially of said drum, each of said shoes having a portion for frictional cooperation with said drum and an arm extending substantially in the direction of said series and pivotedto said support, the shoes of said series being disposed with the friction portion of one shoe overlapping the pivoted arm of the next adjacent shoe, and a forcetransmitting roller disposed between the pivoted arm of one shoe and the overlapping friction portion of the next adjacent shoe.

l2. In a brake, the combination, of a drum, a support adjacent said drum, a plurality of shoes arranged in a series extending circumferentially of said drum, each of said shoes having a portion for frictional cooperation with said drum and an arm extending substantially in the direction of said series and pivoted to said support, the shoes of said series being .disposed with the friction portion of one shoe overlapping the pivoted arm of the next adjacent shoe, and a floating force transmitting roller disposed between the pivoted arm of one shoe and the overlapping friction portion of the next adjacent shoe, said roller having engagement with the last mentioned arm intermediate the pivot thereof and the friction portion of said one shoe.

13. In braking apparatus, the combination of 'a rotatable drum, a pair of friction members for cooperation with said drum, said members being shiftable so as to have a component of movement circumferentially of the drum as they are brought from their released position into braking cooperation with the drum, means for applying pressure to one of said members, and means for transmitting pressure to the other of said members from said one member, the last mentioned means comprising bearing surfaces on said members in substantially opposed relation and an element in contact with said bearing surfaces and adapted to roll thereon.

14. In braking apparatus, the combination of a rotatable drum, a pair of friction members for cooperation with said drum, said members being pivoted for swinging movement so as to have a component of movement circumferentially of the drum as they are brought from their released position into braking cooperation with the drum, means for applying pressure to one of said members, and means for transmitting pressure to the other of said members from said one member, the last mentioned means comprising bearing surfaces on said members in substantially opposed relation ancl an element in contact with said bearing surfaces and adapted to roll thereon.

LYLE K. SNELL. 

